File system Stores file owner file permissions Creation timestamps Last access/ read timestamps Last metadata change timestamps Last archive timestamps Security/ labels / Checksum/ Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes? Yes Yes No No Yes No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No tape format No No No No No No No No No Yes Level-D Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No Yes (date only) No No No No No No Yes Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS) Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No No Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS) Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No No // No No Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No No No? Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes?
Published on Feb 12, 2018 This video is my personal top 5 linux distros for the first half of 2018. I am not considering desktop environments, and will look at that next week. Updated July 12 2018 at 12:01 PM. It is the default file system in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. Another way to characterize this is that the Ext4 file system variants tend to perform better on systems that have limited I/O capability.
Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes? Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes? File system Internal snapshotting / branching No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes No Level-D No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes?? Yes Partial No Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS) Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS) Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No Partial (with only) No Partial (with LFNs only) No No No Partial ( with only) No No / / No No No Partial (with only) No Partial (with LFNs only) No No No Partial (DR-DOS with only) No No / No No No? Partial (with only) No Partial (with LFNs only) No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No?
No No No No No No Yes No? No Yes Yes No Yes (2000) Yes Yes Yes Partial? Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Partial Yes Yes No No No No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes?
No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes? Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes (2001) Yes (2001) Yes Yes No No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes, experimental No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes, experimental No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No? No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No?? No No Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No? No Yes, experimental No Yes Yes Yes Yes (1990) Yes Yes No?? No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes? No No No No No Yes Yes?
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes? No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes? No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes? No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes?
No Yes No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes? No, planned, not being developed (Nov, 2015) Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No Yes?? No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes File system Internal snapshotting / branching Resize capabilities File system Host OS Online grow Offline grow Online shrink Offline shrink Linux Yes Yes Yes Yes Linux No Yes No Yes Linux Yes Yes No Yes Linux Yes Yes No Yes Linux No No No No / / misc.
No Yes No Yes / misc. No Yes No Yes Linux No Yes No No Linux No No No No macOS Yes No Yes No Linux No Yes No No Yes? No No Linux Yes No Yes No Linux No Yes No Yes Windows Yes Yes Yes Yes macOS???? Yes No No No Linux Yes Yes No Yes Linux Yes Yes No Yes Linux Yes No No No Windows Yes? FreeBSD Yes (FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE or later) Yes No No DragonflyBSD???? Linux No No No No Allocation and layout policies File system Transparent compression Variable file block size support No No No No No No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes?
Level-D No No No No Yes No No No?? Yes Yes Yes Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS) No No No No No No Yes? No Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS) No No No No No No Yes? No No Partial Partial (only inside of / and compressed volumes ) No Partial (only inside of compressed volumes) No Partial (only inside of compressed volumes) No Yes (Linux) / / No Partial Partial (only inside of / and compressed volumes ) No Partial (only inside of compressed volumes) No Partial (only inside of compressed volumes) No Yes (Linux) / No No No No No No No No Yes (Linux) Partial No No No No No Yes? Yes No No No No Yes No No? No No Yes Partial No Yes No Yes?
Yes (NT 6.1 + newer) No No No No Yes No No? Yes (macOS) No No 8:1 No No No Yes? No No No 8:1 No No No Yes?
No No No 8:1 No No Yes Yes? Yes No No 8:1 No No No Yes Yes? No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No Yes?? No No No No No No Yes No Yes No No No No No No Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No Yes No Yes Yes? No No No Yes Partial No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes?? No No No Yes No No Yes Yes? Yes No Yes No No No Yes??
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes?? No No No No Yes No??? No No No No Yes No Yes?? No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes, on request Yes (Linux) No only in JFS1 on AIX Yes No Yes No Yes? Yes (Linux) No No Yes No No No??? No No No No Yes No??
Yes No Yes No No Yes No??? No Yes Yes No No No??? No No No No Yes No??? No Yes No Yes?? No No Yes No No No No???
No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes (FreeBSD, illumos) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No No No Yes?? No No Yes No No No Yes??? No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No File system Transparent compression Variable file block size support OS support.
File system No No No Partial (read-only with apfs-fuse or linux-apfs ) No Yes (Since macOS Sierra) No No No No No No No No No Yes No? No No No No No No No No No No No No No Level-D No No No? No No No No??
No No No No No No No No No No No No Version 6 Unix file system (V6FS) No No No? Version 7 Unix file system (V7FS) No No No Yes No? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partial (via dosdir, dosread, doswrite) Yes? / / Yes (FAT16 from DOS 3.0, FAT16B from DOS 3.31, FAT16X from DOS 7.0) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Partial (via dosdir, dosread, doswrite, not FAT16X) Yes? / Yes (from DOS 7.10) Yes (from ) Yes (from ) Yes Yes? Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes?
No No No Yes No? Partial (with third-party drivers) No Partial (with to only) Yes??
Yes Yes (from )? Partial (with third-party drivers) Yes (with 3rd-party drivers like “”,“”) Yes Yes with No Yes natively read only, write support with or Yes with?
Yes with No Yes with? Apple No No Yes with Paragon HFS+ Yes Yes Yes No? No Apple No No Yes with Paragon HFS+ Partial - writing support only to unjournalled FS Yes from Yes No? With addon No? No No Partial (with, read only) Partial - read only? No No Partial (with, read only) Yes? Yes Yes No????
No No No Yes - until 2.1.20 No No No No No No No No No No No Yes - until 2.1.20 Experimental port available to 2.6.32 and later No No No No No No No No No No Yes with Paragon ExtFS or partial with Ext2 IFS or ext2fsd Yes No Yes with Paragon ExtFS or Yes No Yes??? No No Yes with Paragon ExtFS or partial with Ext2 IFS or ext2fsd Yes Partial (read only) Yes with Paragon ExtFS or partial with (journal not updated on writing) Partial (read-only) No with addon? No No Yes with Paragon ExtFS or partial with Ext2 IFS or ext2fsd Yes? Yes with Paragon ExtFS Partial support in kernel since version 10.1 (read-only) No with addon??? No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No Yes??
Yes as an external kernel module?? No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No Yes?? Partial Read Only?
With addon??? No No No Yes with a kernel patch??
No No No Yes No No? No No No No No No No No Yes?? No No No Yes?? No No No Yes?? With addon (read only)??? No No No Yes?? No No No Partial - client only??
No No No Partial - read-only?? No No No Yes via EVMS?? Partial (with Novell drivers) No No??? No No No Yes?? No No No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes? No No No Yes with or as an external kernel module?
Yes with Read/Write Developer Preview Yes??? No No Partial with WinBtrfs Yes???????? No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No Yes (from and from ) Partial - with Paragon ReFS for Linux???????? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes?
No Yes Yes Yes? Yes Yes Yes Yes? No No Partial (There are ports of unsquashfs and mksquashfs.) Yes No Partial (There are ports of unsquashfs and mksquashfs.) Partial (There are ports of unsquashfs and mksquashfs and fusefs-port. ) No No No No No File system See also. Notes. Shustek, Len (2016-08-02). Remarkable People.
(2016-08-02) 1993.; Kildall, Kristin, eds. (Manuscript, part 1). Kildall Family. Retrieved 2016-11-17. Mace, Scott (1986-09-22). 8 (38): 1, 8.
Retrieved 2016-11-09. Warren, David (20 October 1993). Archived from on 9 March 2012. (Press release). Santa Clara, Calif.: Sun Microsystems, Inc.
12 September 2007. Archived from on 2 October 2007.
(2018-12-09). BSD Cross Reference. Retrieved 2019-03-06. IBM Knowledge Center. Microsoft Developer Network.
Retrieved 4 November 2017. ^ (January 16, 2012). Retrieved 2017-11-07.
July 26, 2016. February 20, 2012. Matthew Dillon. Matthew Dillon (June 21, 2008). Retrieved 2019-02-12. Documentation Project. Retrieved 2016-03-20.
If there was not a fsck(8) memory limit the maximum filesystem size would be 2 ^ 64 (blocks). 32 KB = 16 Exa. 32 KB = 512 ZettaBytes.
Vimal A.R (16 July 2016). Fedora Project Wiki. 15 October 2003. Archived from on 19 July 2006. Archived from on 14 April 2009.
Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation. Retrieved 2016-02-21.
See dinode structure on page 355 ( FILESYS(5)) of (PDF) (Seventh ed.). Murray Hill, New Jersey: Bell Telephone Laboratories. January 1979. Retrieved 2016-02-21.
(February 2007). Siracusa, John.
Ars Technica. Retrieved 14 December 2017. To keep track of hard links, HFS+ creates a separate file for each hard link inside a hidden directory at the root level of the volume. – and System Manager's. (hasn't been updated to discuss HFSX). (Very technical overview of HFS Plus and HFSX.). Retrieved 28 April 2018.
^ – Programmer's – Administration and Privileged Commands. ^ With software based on. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
Reiserfs wiki. ^ (dmsdoc.doc). From the original on 2016-11-02.
Retrieved 2016-11-01. Usually all data for one cluster are stored in contiguous sectors, but if the filesystem is too fragmented there may not be a 'free hole' that is large enough for the data. Drivespace 3 and Stacker know a hack for that situation: they allow storing the data of one cluster in several fragments on the disk.
Jaeguk Kim (2014-09-22). Time To Pull The Plug. Github (cdtk). Ext2 Installable File System For Windows. (Provides kernel level read/write access to Ext2 and Ext3 volumes in Windows NT4, 2000, XP and Vista.).
^ Branten, Bo. Retrieved 2016-03-14. 30 November 2009.
Archived from on 13 May 2013. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Kim, Arnold (4 October 2007). Github (maharmstone). via External links. (archived).
![Linux Linux](/uploads/1/2/5/4/125490540/878284839.png)
(April 23, 2006).
Day by day people are learning the benefit of, Virus-free OS, and above all to adopt the flexible app base, where every customization is possible as per users need. Android, developed by Google on Linux Kernel, Ubuntu, powered by canonical partners based on Debian and future IOT ( Internet Of Things), all those things are and will be on solely Linux kernel.
And that indicates that we must learn the Linux base to get the best out of this. Because Linux is the future. So if you are a Linux User, you might be using Ubuntu, Arch Linux, Manjaro, Linux Mint, Elementary OS, Kali Linux or any other distros which you prefer. In this situation, either most of the users are newbies or possessing a little bit of knowledge. But to get best out the Linux system, you have to be a learned user so that you can use Linux system at the highest level, be experienced users or Linux Administrator or developers. Best Linux Tutorial Books This is why today I am going to share a list of best and useful free Linux Tutorial books to become a power and expert user.
All these Tutorial and learning e-books obviously will make a reliable destination for your future Linux based life. All the mentioned Linux Tutorial books originally come with a pdf version, and I have also made an epub, Mobi, and amazon kindle copy from the original pdf copy. So if anyone finds any problem on epub or Mobi copy, then I would like to refer to see the original pdf version. I hope all the copy is okay to read on various devices. Introduction to Linux: A Hands-on Guide This book is beneficial for the beginner users. The contents are written in simple and easy to understand format, mainly keeping in mind about the newbie Linux users who have come from other OS or just have installed any Linux Distros for the first time.
The first chapter of this book has focused on the traditional history of Unix, Linux, Users Interface, features of Linux, and the. Then you will be getting quickstart documentation on initial setup, login, password, GUI, Command Line Interface, files management, and necessary Linux command. In the third chapter, you will be able to play with the Linux files system and partitioning.
The fourth chapter will allow you to learn about various processing task related to users, Boot, Grub, and Multi-tasking inside out. Moreover, it gives detailed information about Desktop environment, Graphical User interface, Shell Script, and setup, X window system and configuration, keyboard, date, language and fonts set up, installing software, and package management. There is a detailed step to learn about printing. This section teaches about how to format and command for printing through CLI and GUI. Though Linux system is versatile and stable OS sometimes, it may get broken due to some tweaks. So it’s important to learn how to take the as well and restore after the crisis or system damage.
There is a separate chapter which will teach you about. Now we are living in the era of technology and networking. In the networking section, you will be learning about the local host and remote access networking, Internet setup and, and above all the security aspects.
The sound and audio chapter teaches you about how to play music and movies on your system, streaming Internet television and a little bit information about Internet telephony. Table of Contents. What is Linux?. Quickstart Guides.
About files and the file system. System Processes. I/O redirection. Home sweet /home.
Printers and printing. Fundamental Backup Techniques. Networking.
Sound and Video Download 2. Bash Guide for Beginners This book shares in-depth knowledge about bash scripts, environment, GNU sed stream editor, awk programming language, variables, and so on. Table of Contents. Bash and Bash scripts. Writing and debugging scripts. The Bash environment.
Regular expressions. The GNU sed stream editor. The GNU awk programming language. Conditional statements.
Writing interactive scripts. Repetitive tasks. More on variables. Functions. Catching signals Download 3. Java Application Development on Linux This book solely teaches Java applications development on a Linux system.
It starts from very fundamental and basic information of Linux system and takes the reader to an advanced level of Java software development. It describes all the toolkits that can be used for active development projects in very simple and step-by-step guide. Table of Contents. An Embarrassment of Riches: The. An Embarrassment of Riches: Editors. An Experienced Programmer’s Introduction to Java. Where Am I?